72 different types of metal: the complete list | machine manufacturing (2023)

Metal is now indispensable to us.

Our house is reinforced with metal and many of the decorations we use are made of metal.

In addition, there are basically metals in these daily necessities. Some precious metals are very valuable, and the variety of metals is also very rich.

How many types of metals are there?

Name a type of metal:Iron, Steel, Aluminium, Copper, Brass, Bronze, Zinc, Gold, Silver, Platinum, Chromium, Manganese, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Lead, Tin, Cobalt, Nickel, Antimony, Mercury, Cadmium, Bismuth, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, beryllium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, lanthanum, cerium, Praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium, silicon, boron, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, thorium, polonium, radium, francium, uranium.

How many types of metals are there?

Do you know how many different metals there are?

Currently, there are 108 types of elements and 90 types of metal elements, occupying a relatively large position.

These 90 metallic elements also includetres semimetales, namely boron, silicon and arsenic.

However, there are so many types of metals that it would take a long time to understand them all.

Therefore, there are two methods to classify these metals.

The United States, Great Britain, and Japan divide metals intoFerrous metals and non-ferrous metals.

Related reading: Ferrous and non-ferrous metals

The former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries divided metals intoblack metals and non-ferrous metals.

This method of distinguishing metals by color is used in China.

However, there is not much scientific basis for this method.

Therefore, based on this, people still divide metals intoIn the heavy year, in the light year, in the precious year and in the rare yearaccording to their properties and uses.

Heavy metals are mainly metals with a density greater than 4.5 g/cm³, while light metals have a density of less than 4.5 g/cm³.

Precious metals are mainly those metals that are more expensive than base metals, have less scale, and are difficult to clean.

Rare metals are relatively rare metals, including light rare metals, refractory rare metals, rare dispersed metals, and rare earth metals.

There is also a type of radioactive metal that does some damage. If people are overexposed, it can even lead to illness and even death.

In this article we listdifferent types of metals, including almost all metals in the periodic table of chemical elements.

In addition, we also present in detail the use and some specifications of these metals.

We'll get into that in a moment.

Classification table for different types of metals.

to followmetal listbased on different classification methods.

As we discussed earlier, there are more than 90 types of metals on Earth today.

And you can download the PDF from the list at the bottom of the table.

• Download the metal list above in PDF format

Fdefective metal:

iron, chromium and manganese.

UERon

Iron is a metallic element with atomic number 26.

Iron chemical formula: Fe;

English name: iron.

The average relative atomic mass is 55.845.

Cchrome

Chromium, with the chemical symbol Cr, atomic number 24, belongs to the group ⅥB of the periodic table of elements.

The element's name comes from the Greek, which originally means "color," because chromium compounds have color.

The only substance is steel gray metal, which is the hardest metal in nature.

The chromium content in the earth's crust is 0.01% and therefore ranks 17th.

Free natural chromium is extremely rare and is found mainly in chromite.

METROthey can say

Manganese, chemical element, element symbol Mn, atomic number 25;

Manganese is a whitish, hard, brittle, and lustrous type of transition metal.

Pure metallic manganese is a metal slightly softer than iron.

Manganese, which contains a small amount of impurities, is solid and brittle and will oxidize in moist places.

Manganese is widely distributed in nature.

The manganese content in the soil is 0.25%.

Tea, wheat, and hard fruits contain more manganese.

Nonferrous metals:

Aof light

Aluminum is a metallic element with the element symbol al. It is a light silvery white metal. It has ductility.

Raw materials are often processed into rods, sheets, foils, powders, tapes, and filaments.

It can form an oxide film to prevent metal corrosion in humid air.

When heated in air, aluminum powder can burn violently, emitting blinding white flames.

It is readily soluble in dilute sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda, and caustic potassium, but slightly soluble in water.

Relative density 2.70.

Melting point 660℃.

Boiling point 2327℃.

Aluminum is the most abundant metallic element in the earth's crust, ranking third after oxygen and silicon.

METROMagnesium

Magnesium is a metallic element and the element symbol is mg.

In 1808, the British David reduced magnesium oxide with potassium to produce metallic magnesium.

It is a silvery-white alkaline earth metal with active chemical properties. It can react with acid to produce hydrogen, and has certain ductility and heat dissipation.

Magnesium is widespread in nature and is one of the essential elements of the human body.

PAGotasio

Potassium (potassium), element symbol K, atomic number 19, is in group IA of the fourth cycle of the periodic table of elements and belongs to the alkali metal elements.

Potassium is a silvery-white, waxy metal that can be cut with a knife.

It has a low melting point, lower density than water, and extremely active chemical properties (more active than sodium).

Sinconvenience

Sodium is a metallic element. The element symbol is Na and its English name is Sodium.

In the periodic table it is in the third cycle and in group IA.

It is the representative of the alkali metal elements.

It has a smooth texture and can react with water to produce sodium hydroxide and release hydrogen. It has more active chemical properties.

CAlkali

Calcium is a metallic element with atomic number 20 and symbol Ca.

It is in the 4th cycle and in group IIA of the periodic table of elements.

Calcium is a silvery-white solid at room temperature and has active chemical properties.

Therefore, it occurs mainly in nature in the form of ions or compounds.

Sbut

Strontium is a chemical element with the element symbol Mr.

It was discovered in 1791-1792. When British chemist and physician Hope examined the mineral, he was sure it contained new soil, so he named it Strontia (strontium soil) after its area of ​​production, Strontian.

Strontium is a silvery-white alkaline earth metal with a yellow luster.

It is used to make alloys, photocells, analytical chemical reagents, fireworks, etc.

The strontium-90 isotope is radioactive and can be used as a source of radiation with a β half-life of 28.1 years.

Bmi

The alkaline earth metal element barium (barium), symbol for the chemical element Ba, is found in the sixth cycle of group IIA on the periodic table.

It is a soft alkaline earth metal with a silvery-white luster and is the most active of the alkaline earth metals.

Because the chemical properties of barium are very active, barium has never been found in nature.

The most common barium minerals found in nature are baryte (barium sulfate) and witherite (barium carbonate), both of which are insoluble in water.

Barium was recognized as a new element in 1774, but it was not grouped together as a metallic element until shortly after the invention of electrolysis in 1808.

Barium compounds are used to make fireworks green (based on the flame reaction principle).

Chigher, higher

Copper is not only a metallic element, but also a transition element.

The chemical symbol is Cu, English copy, atomic number 29.

Pure copper is a soft metal.

When the surface is cut in a straight line, it is orange-red with a metallic sheen, and the simple substance is crimson.

Good ductility, high thermal conductivity and conductivity, making it the most widely used material in electrical and electronic cables and components.

It can also be used as a construction material and form many types of alloys.

Copper alloys have excellent mechanical properties and low resistivity, among which bronze and brass stand out.

Furthermore, copper is also a durable metal that can be recycled many times without affecting its mechanical properties.

Related reading: brass types

UEfurther

Lead is a metallic chemical element with the element symbol Pb.

Its atomic number is 82 and its atomic weight is 207.2.

It is the non-radioactive element with the highest atomic weight.

Metallic Lead is a face centered cubic crystal.

Metallic lead is a kind of corrosion resistant heavy non-ferrous metallic material.

Lead has the advantages of low melting point, high corrosion resistance, difficult penetration of X-rays and γ-rays, good plasticity, etc.

It is often made into sheets and tubes.

It is widely used in industrial departments such as chemical industry, cables, batteries, and radiation protection.

Zincluding

Zinc (zinc) is a chemical element. Its chemical symbol is Zn and its atomic number is 30.

It is in the 4th cycle and in group IIB of the periodic table of chemical elements.

Zinc is a light gray transition metal and the fourth "common" metal.

In modern industry, zinc is an indispensable metal in the manufacture of batteries.

Zinn

Stannum's English name is tin and the element symbol is Sn.

It is a kind of metallic element and inorganic matter. The common form of white pewter is a low melting metal with a silvery-white sheen.

It is bivalent or tetravalent in compounds and does not oxidize in air at room temperature.

In nature, it occurs mainly in the form of dioxide (cassiterite) and various sulfides (for example, sulphurous cassiterite).

Related reading: types of tin

Cluz

Cobalt, the symbol for the element Co, is a silvery-white ferromagnetic metal with a silvery-white surface and a pale pink color.

It is in the fourth cycle and in Group VIII of the periodic table with atomic number 27 and atomic weight 58.9332.

It is a compacted hexagonal crystal and the common valence is +2 and +3.

Cobalt is a relatively hard and brittle, shiny steel gray metal, ferromagnetic, and its magnetism disappears when heated to 1150℃.

It does not work with water at room temperature and is stable in moist air.

When heated to more than 300°C in air, COO oxidizes and burns incandescently to Co3O4.

The fine powder of cobalt metal produced by hydrogen reduction can spontaneously ignite to form cobalt oxide in air.

Cobalt is an important raw material for the production of heat resistant alloys, hard alloys, anticorrosion alloys, magnetic alloys, and various cobalt salts.

nortetickle

Nickel is a hard, ductile, ferromagnetic metal that can be highly polished and resistant to corrosion.

Nickel is an iron-loving element.

The Earth's core is made up mainly of iron and nickel.

In the crust, the nickel content of iron-magnesium rocks is higher than that of aluminosilicate rocks.

For example, the nickel content of peridotite is 1000 times that of granite, and the nickel content of gabbro is 80 times that of granite.

ANimoni

Antimony, element metallic, element symbol sb, atomic number 51, lustrous, hard, brittle, silvery-white metal (commonly worked into bar, block, powder, and other shapes).

It has a flaky crystalline structure.

It gradually loses its luster in humid air and burns to white antimony oxide at high temperatures.

Soluble in aqua regia and concentrated sulfuric acid.

The relative density is 6.68, the melting point is 630℃, the boiling point is 1635℃, the atomic radius is 1.28 Å, and the electronegativity is 2.2.

METROArca

Mercury is a chemical element with the element symbol Hg and the 80th place on the periodic table of elements.

It is found in cycle 6 and in group IIB of the periodic table of chemical elements, commonly known as mercury.

It is the only metal in a liquid state at normal temperature and pressure (in fact, gallium (symbol GA, element 31) and cesium (symbol CS, element 55) are also liquid at room temperature (29.76 ℃ and 28.44 ºC).℃).

Mercury is a heavy, shiny, silvery-white liquid with stable chemical properties.

It is insoluble in acids and alkalis.

Mercury can vaporize at room temperature. Mercury vapor and mercury compounds are highly toxic (chronic).

Mercury has a long history and is widely available.

Cadministrator

Cadmium, non-ferrous heavy metal element, chemical symbol CD, atomic number 481817.

The simple substance is a silvery-white metal, which is an excellent metal for absorbing neutrons. Crafting Rods can slow down the rate of fission chain reactions in nuclear reactors and are very useful in zinc-cadmium batteries.

Its sulfide is brightly colored and is used to make cadmium yellow pigment.

Bismute

Bismuth, a metallic element with the symbol Bi and atomic number 83, is found in group VA of the sixth period of the periodic table.

The simple substance is a silvery-white to pinkish-colored metal, which is brittle and easy to crush, and bismuth's chemical properties are relatively stable.

Bismuth occurs naturally in the form of free metals and minerals.

GRAMSalternative

Gold (Aurum) is a metallic element, the element symbol is Au, and the atomic number is 79.

The simple substance (free form) of gold, commonly known as gold, is a precious metal.

It has been used as money, value preservation, and jewelry for many centuries.

In nature, gold occurs as a simple matter in gold nuggets or gold grains in rocks, underground veins, and alluvium.

Gold is also one of the metals in currency.

Gold is a solid at room temperature with high density, smoothness, luster, and corrosion resistance.

It is the metal with the best ductility after platinum.

Stalk

Silver (Argentum) is a type of transition metal, with the chemical symbol Ag.

Silver is one of the metals known and used in antiquity.

It is an important precious metal.

Silver occurs naturally, but most of it exists in the silver ore in a chemical state.

The physical and chemical properties of silver are relatively stable, with good thermal and electrical conductivity.

It is soft and malleable. Its degree of reflection is very high, reaching over 99%. It has many important uses.

PAGlatin

Platinum is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pt.

It belongs to precious metals.

Its elemental substance is commonly known as platinum.

It belongs to the platinum series of elements with an atomic weight of 195.078, somewhat less than gold, and an atomic number of 78.

It belongs to the transition metals.

Melting point 1772 ℃, boiling point 3827 ℃, density 21.45 g/cm3 (20 ℃), relatively soft, with good ductility, thermal conductivity and conductivity.

Sponge Platinum is a gray spongy material with a large specific surface area and a high ability to absorb gases (especially hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide).

Powdered platinum black can absorb a large amount of hydrogen.

RUtenius

Ruthenium is a hard, brittle, light gray multivalent rare metal element.

The element symbol is Ru.

It belongs to the platinum group of metals.

Its content in the earth's crust is only one billionth.

It is one of the rarest metals. It has very stable properties and strong corrosion resistance.

It can resist corrosion from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia at room temperature.

Ruthenium is the cheapest platinum group metal, although other metals such as platinum and palladium are richer than ruthenium.

RHoy

Rhodium is a silvery-white hard metal with the element symbol Rh.

Rhodium is a platinum element with high reflectivity.

Metallic rhodium does not normally form oxides. Molten rhodium absorbs oxygen, but it is released after solidification.

Rhodium has a higher melting point and lower density than platinum.

Rhodium is insoluble in most acids.

It is completely insoluble in nitric acid and slightly soluble in aqua regia.

PAGGod bless you

Palladium is the fifth cycle platinum of Group VIII with the element symbol Pd.

The elemental substance is a silvery-white transition metal.

It is soft and has good ductility and plasticity.

It can be forged, calendered and drawn.

Massive metallic palladium can absorb a large amount of hydrogen, significantly expand its volume, become brittle and even break into fragments.

osmio

Osmium is a Group VIII element in the sixth period of the periodic table of elements with the element symbol OS, atomic number 76, and relative atomic mass 190.23.

It is a heavy metal of the platinum group and the best known metal.

UERir

Iridium, metallic element, element symbol Ir, atomic number 77, atomic weight 192.22, the element name comes from Latin and originally means "rainbow".

The iridium content in the earth's crust is 1/10 million and it is often distributed in various minerals from alluvial and sandy deposits, together with elements of the platinum series.

BErilio

Beryllium is the second main group element in the second cycle with atomic number 4 and element symbol Be.

It is a whitish alkaline earth metal belonging to the hexagonal, hard and ductile system.

Beryllium and its compounds are highly toxic.

Beryllium is an amphoteric metal that can dissolve in acids and alkalis.

Beryllium is mainly used in atomic power reactor materials, aerospace engineering materials, various alloys, radiation transmission windows, etc.

UELithium

Lithium is a metallic element, the element symbol is Li, and the corresponding elemental substance is a soft, silvery-white metal, which is also the metal with the lowest density.

Used in nuclear reactors, light metals and batteries.

Lithium and its compounds are not as typical as other alkali metals, because lithium has a high charge density and a stable double-electron shell similar to helium, which makes lithium easily polarized with other molecules or ions, but it is not easy to polarize oneself.

This affects the stability of it and its connections.

Since the electrode potential is the most negative, lithium is the most active metal among the known elements (including radioactive elements).

Rubidium

Rubidium is a light, silvery-white metal with the element symbol Rb.

It is soft and waxy, and its chemical properties are more active than potassium.

Electrons can be easily emitted when exposed to light.

Rubidium acts violently on contact with water to produce hydrogen and rubidium hydroxide.

It is easy to react with oxygen to form complex oxides.

Since a lot of heat is given off when it reacts with water, hydrogen can burn immediately.

Pure metallic rubidium is usually stored in sealed glass ampoules.

CIt's

Cesium, element symbol Cs, atomic number 55, is in the sixth cycle, group IA.

Its elemental substance is a light golden yellow active metal with a low melting point.

It is very easy to rust in the air.

May react violently with water to produce hydrogen and explode.

Cesium is not found in nature in elemental form, but only in the form of salt, which is rarely found on land and in the sea.

Cesium is an important material for the manufacture of vacuum devices and photocells.

Radionuclide Cs-137 is one of the radioactive spills that leaked from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan.

Cesium is the most metallic of the known elements (including radioactive elements) (note that it is not a metallic activity, but lithium is the most active).

Titanio

Titanium is a metallic chemical element with chemical symbol Ti and atomic number 22.

It is in the 4th cycle and in group IVB of the periodic table of chemical elements.

It is a silvery-white transition metal characterized by light weight, high strength, metallic luster, and resistance to corrosion by moist chlorine.

However, titanium cannot be used in dry chlorine.

Even dry chlorine with a temperature below 0℃ undergoes a violent chemical reaction to produce titanium tetrachloride, decomposes into titanium dichloride, and even burns.

Titanium can maintain reliable stability only when the water content in chlorine is more than 0.5%.

Titanium is considered a rare metal because it is common in nature and difficult to mine.

But it is relatively rich, ranking tenth among all the elements.

Titanium minerals mainly include ilmenite and rutile, which are common in the crust and lithosphere.

Titanium is also found in almost all organisms, rocks, water, and soil.

ZEisen

Zirconium is a chemical element, the element symbol Zr, the atomic number is 40, and the simple substance is a light gray high-melting metal.

A shiny oxide film forms easily on the surface of zirconium, so that its appearance resembles that of steel.

It is resistant to corrosion and soluble in hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia.

At high temperature, it can react with non-metallic elements and many metallic elements to form a solid solution.

vAnadio

Vanadium is a metallic element with the element symbol V, silver-gray metal. It belongs to group VB in the periodic table of elements, atomic number 23, atomic weight 50.9414, body-centered cubic crystal, and common valence is +5, +4, +3, +2.

Vanadium has a high melting point.

It is a refractory metal.

It is ductile, hard, and nonmagnetic.

It has the ability to resist hydrochloric and sulfuric acids and has better resistance to gas, salt and water corrosion than most stainless steels.

norteWork

Niobium, with chemical symbol Nb, atomic number 41, is a transition metal element.

Niobium is a shiny gray metal.

High purity metallic niobium has high ductility but hardens with increasing levels of impurities.

Niobium has a very low thermal neutron capture cross section and is therefore very useful in the nuclear industry.

TAntalya

Tantalum is a metallic element with atomic number 73 and chemical symbol Ta.

The elemental substance corresponding to the element is steel gray metal and has high resistance to corrosion.

Does not react with hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid and aqua regia under hot and cold conditions.

Tantalum is found mainly in tantalite and coexists with niobium.

Tantalum has moderate hardness and ductility.

It can be drawn on a thin sheet of wire.

Its coefficient of thermal expansion is very small.

Tantalum has excellent chemical properties and high resistance to corrosion.

It can be used to create vape containers etc.

It can also be used as an electrode, rectifier and electron tube electrolytic capacitor.

Medicinally, it is used to create thin sheets or threads to repair damaged tissue.

Although tantalum has strong corrosion resistance, its corrosion resistance is due to the formation of stable tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂o₅₎protective film on the surface.

Tunfavorable

Tungsten is a metallic element, the element symbol is w, the atomic number is 74, in the VIB group of the sixth period of the periodic table.

Tungsten is mainly a hexavalent cation and its ionic radius is 0.68 × 10-10 m.

Due to the small radius of W6+ ions, the high price of electricity, and the strong polarization ability, it is easy to form complex anions.

Therefore, tungsten is mainly present in the form of complex anions [WO4] 2 - and combines with cations such as Fe2+, Mn2+, Ca2+ in solution to form wolframite or scheelite precipitates.

The simple substance is a lustrous, silvery-white metal with a high hardness and melting point.

It does not corrode in air at room temperature and its chemical properties are relatively stable.

It is mainly used in the production of filaments, high-speed cutting alloys, and super-hard molds, as well as in optical and chemical instruments.

China is the world's largest tungsten storage country.

METROI would like

Molybdenum, chemical symbol Mo, atomic number 42, is a transition metal element and a trace element necessary for the human body, animals and plants.

Molybdenum is a hard, tough, silvery-white metal.

Various tissues in the human body contain molybdenum.

The total amount in the human body is about 9 mg, and the content is higher in the liver and kidneys.

GRAMSit

Gallium is a bluish-gray or silvery-white metal with the element symbol Ga and an atomic weight of 69.723.

Gallium has a low melting point but a high boiling point.

Pure liquid gallium has a significant tendency to supercool and is easily oxidized in air to form an oxide film.

UEMein

Indium is a metallic element with the element symbol and atomic number 49.

It is in Group IIIA in the fifth period of the periodic table.

Its simple substance is a silvery-white metal tinged with light blue.

It is very smooth and can be scratched by fingernails.

It has high plasticity, ductility, and can be pressed into pieces.

Metallic indium is mainly used as a raw material for the production of low melting point alloys, bearing alloys, semiconductors, electric light sources, etc.

Thalle

Thallium, with chemical symbol Tland atomic number 81, is an element of group ⅢA in the sixth period of the periodic table.

It is an element associated with low levels in the natural environment.

Thallium dissolves slowly in dilute hydrochloric and sulfuric acid and rapidly in nitric acid.

Its main compounds are oxides, sulfides, halides, sulfates, etc.

Thallium salts are generally colorless, tasteless crystals that dissolve in water to form thallium compounds.

It is more stable in water or paraffin than in air.

GRAMSerdmanio

Germanium is a chemical element with the element symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.64.

It is in the 4th cycle and in group IVA of the periodic table of chemical elements.

Germanium is a shiny, greyish-white, hard quasi-metal. It belongs to the group of carbons.

Its chemical properties are similar to those of tin and silicon from the same group.

It is insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid and dilute alkali, soluble in aqua regia, concentrated nitric acid or sulfuric acid.

It has amphoteric properties.

Therefore, it is soluble in molten alkali, alkali peroxide, alkali metal nitrate or carbonate and relatively stable in air.

In nature there are five types of stable germanium nuclides: 70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge and 76Ge.

When it reacts with oxygen above 700℃, it generates GeO2.

When it reacts with hydrogen above 1000℃, fine germanium can burn and become chlorine or bromine. Germanium is an excellent semiconductor that can be used to detect high frequency currents and rectify AC currents.

In addition, it can be used as infrared optical materials, precision instruments, and catalysts. Germanium compounds can be used to make fluorescent plates and various high refractive index glasses.

Renrique

Rhenium is a chemical element, chemical symbol re, atomic number 75.

Rhenium is a silvery-white heavy metal that belongs to the sixth periodic transition metal on the periodic table of elements.

It is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust, with average levels estimated to be one billionth of a part.

It is also one of the elements with the highest melting and boiling points.

Rhenium is a by-product of refining molybdenum and copper.

Its chemical properties are similar to those of manganese and technetium.

The lowest oxidation state in the compound is -3 and the highest is +7.

UEanthanum

Lanthanum is a rare earth metal element with the chemical symbol La, atomic number 57, and atomic weight 138.90547.

The name of the element comes from the Greek and originally means "concealment".

Silver-grey luster, smooth texture, density 6.162 g/cm3, melting point 920 ℃, boiling point 3464 ℃ (atmospheric pressure), active chemical properties, metal quickly loses its luster after exposure to air, forming a layer of blue oxide film, but it cannot protect the metal and then further oxidizes to form a white oxide powder.

It can act slowly in cold water, be soluble in acid, and react with a variety of nonmetals.

Lanthanum metal is usually stored in mineral oil or inert gas.

The lanthanum content in the earth's crust is 0.00183%, which is the second rarest earth element after cerium.

There are two naturally occurring isotopes of lanthanum: lanthanum-139 and radioactive lanthanum-138.

CErio

Cerium with atomic number 58 belongs to the rare earth elements and the sixth periodic table III Blanthanide, the element symbol is Ce, and the elemental substance is silver-gray active metal.

The powder is easily self-igniting in air, soluble in acids and reducing agents.

praseodimo

Praseodymium is a metallic element with atomic number 59. It is a rare earth metal.

The element's name comes from the Greek, which originally means "green."

The crystalline structure is a hexagonal cell.

Praseodymium has greater resistance to corrosion in air than lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, and europium, but contact with air creates a brittle green oxide layer.

Pure praseodymium should be stored in mineral oil or plastic sealant.

One of the uses of praseodymium is the catalytic cracking of petroleum.

The activity, selectivity and stability of the petroleum cracking catalyst can be improved by adding praseodymium and neodymium to enrich the zeolite Y molecular sieve.

Like other rare earth elements, praseodymium has low chronic toxicity and is not a necessary element for biology.

neodymium

Neodymium, with the chemical symbol nd, atomic number 60, belongs to the lanthanide elements.

The elemental substance is a silvery white metal.

It is one of the most active rare earth metals, with a melting point of 1024°C and a density of 7.004 g/cm³, paramagnetic.

It can quickly darken in air and form oxides;

It reacts slowly in cold water and quickly in hot water.

Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet and neodymium glass can replace ruby ​​as laser materials, and neodymium and praseodymium glass can be used as glasses.

Neodymium plays an important role in the rare earth field and controls the rare earth market.

Samaria

Samarium is a metallic element with the chemical symbol SM and atomic number 62.

This is a medium-hard, silver-white metal that oxidizes easily in air.

As a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium generally assumes an oxidation state of +3.

The most common samarium compounds are SmO, SmS, SmSm, and SmTe.

Samarium has no significant biological effects, only minor toxicity.

Europa

Europium is a silvery-white metallic element that can burn to oxidize;

The rust is almost white.

Europium is an iron-gray metal with a melting point of 822°C, a boiling point of 1597°C, and a density of 5.2434 g/cm³.

It is the softest and most volatile element of the rare earths.

Europium is the most active metal of the rare earth elements: at room temperature europium immediately loses its metallic luster in air and quickly oxidizes to a powder;

Reacts vigorously with cold water to produce hydrogen;

Europium can react with boron, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

Europium is widely used in the manufacture of reactor control materials and neutron shielding materials.

As a phosphor for color televisions, it has important applications in europium (Eu) laser materials and in the nuclear power industry.

Europium is one of the rarest rare earth elements. Its content on Earth is only 1.1 ppm.

It is a smooth, shiny, steel-gray metal with high ductility and malleability, which means it can be machined into a wide variety of shapes.

It looks like lead, but it's a bit heavier.

gadolinium

Gadolinium is a metallic element with symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. It is silvery white and elastic.

The element is named after Gadolin, a Finnish scientist who made notable contributions to the study of lanthanides.

Gadolinium was isolated in Maliyak, Switzerland in 1880, and the French chemist Bouvabodrand created and named pure gadolinium in 1886.

The gadolinium content in the earth's crust is 0.000636%, which occurs mainly in monazite and bastnaesite.

Gadolinium is widely used in medical, industrial, nuclear and other fields.

Terbio

Terbium is a member of the lanthanide elements with atomic number 65 and element symbol Tb. It is in group IIB of the sixth cycle. The elemental substance is a silvery white metal.

It is a rare earth and a toxic metal.

In nature, only one stable isotope exists, and another 20 radioisotopes, in the form of a hexagonal lattice, dissolve in dilute acid and react slowly with water.

It has high reactivity. It should be stored in an inert gas filled container or vacuum container.

dysprosium

Dysprosium is a silvery-white metal with the element symbol Dy.

It is soft and can be cut with a knife.

Dysprosium has a melting point of 1412 °C, a boiling point of 2562 °C, and a density of 8.55 g/cm.³;

It has a superconductivity close to absolute zero.

Dysprosium is quite stable in air.

It can be easily oxidized by high temperature air and water to form dysprosium oxide.

Dysprosium is mainly used to make new light source dysprosium lamps;

Dysprosium can be used as a reactor control material;

Dysprosium compounds can be used as catalysts in the oil refining industry.

holmio

Holmium is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93.

The name of the element comes from the birthplace of the discoverer.

In 1878, Solit discovered holmium from the terrestrial spectrum of erbium.

The following year, Clive of Sweden separated the holmium from the earth from the erbium by a chemical method.

The holmium content in the earth's crust is 0.000115%, which is found in monazite and rare earth minerals, along with other rare earth elements.

The naturally occurring stable isotope is simply holmium 165. Holmium is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal;

Melting point 1474 °C, boiling point 2695 °C, density 8.7947 g/cm³.

Holmium is stable in dry air and oxidizes rapidly at high temperatures;

Holmium oxide is the most paramagnetic substance known. Holmium compounds can be used as additives for new ferromagnetic materials;

Holmium iodide is used in the manufacture of metal halide lamps - holmium lamps.

Holmium lasers are also widely used in the medical field.

rabbit

The element symbol Er, atomic number 68, is in period 6 of the periodic table of the chemical elements, lanthanides (group IIIB) #11, atomic weight 167.26, and the element name comes from the terrestrial locality of yttrium .

Erbium oxide was discovered in yttrium soil by the Swedish scientist Mossander in 1843 and officially named in 1860.

The erbium content in the earth's crust is 0.000247%, which is found in many rare earth minerals.

There are six naturally occurring isotopes: erbium 162, 164, 166, 167, 168, and 170.

We are still

Thulium is a silvery-white metal with the element symbol TM. It is malleable and soft.

It can be cut with a knife; Melting point 1545 °C, boiling point 1947 °C, density 9.3208.

Thulium is relatively stable in air;

Thulium oxide is a light green crystal.

Thulium has an atomic number of 69 and an atomic weight of 168.93421.

The name of the element is derived from the name of the discoverer's country.

The thulium content in the earth's crust is 2/100,000, which is the lowest content of rare earth elements. It is found mainly in phosphorus and yttrium ores and in black and rare gold mines.

The natural stable isotope is only Thulium 169.

It is widely used in high-intensity light sources for power generation, lasers, high-temperature superconductors and other fields.

Turbid

Ytterbium is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173.04.

The name of the element comes from where it was found.

The ytterbium content in the earth's crust is 0.000266%, it is mainly found in yttrium phosphorus ore and rare black gold ore, and there are seven natural isotopes.

Paris

Lutetium is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Lu.

The elemental substance corresponding to lutetium is the silvery-white metal, which is the hardest and densest metal among the rare earth elements;

Melting point 1663 ℃, boiling point 3395 ℃, density 9.8404.

Lutetium is relatively stable in air;

Lutetium oxide is a colorless crystal that dissolves in acid to form a corresponding colorless salt.

Lutetium is used primarily in research work, with few other uses.

It is soluble in dilute acid and may act slowly with water. The salts are colorless and the oxides are white.

The natural isotopes are 175Lu and the half-life is 2.1 × 10^10 years β 176Lu.

There are few nature reserves and the price is expensive.

Scandium

Scandium is a chemical element.

The element symbol is SC and the atomic number is 21.

The simple substance is a soft, silvery-white transition metal, often mixed with gadolinium and erbium.

Its production is very low and its content in the earth's crust is around 0.0005%.

Scandium is widely used in the manufacture of special glasses and heat-resistant light alloys.

Itrio

Yttrium is a dark gray metal with the chemical symbol Y.

It is the first rare earth element found and exhibits ductility.

It can react with hot water and is easily soluble in dilute acid.

It can manufacture glasses and special alloys.

thorium

Thorium is a radioactive metallic element.

After neutron bombardment, thorium can obtain uranium-233, making it a potential nuclear fuel.

Thorium steel strip has gray luster, smooth texture, and active chemical properties.

Thorium is widely distributed in the earth's crust and is a promising fuel.

Common metals:

Such as iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, etc.

In the year Rare:

Like zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, etc.

Hafne

Hafnium is a metallic element with symbol Hf, atomic number 72, and atomic weight 178.49.

The simple substance is a shiny silver-gray transition metal.

There are six stable natural isotopes of hafnium: hafnium 174, 176, 177, 178, 179, and 180.

Hafnium does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid and strong alkali solution, but it is soluble in hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia.

The hafnium content in the earth's crust is 0.00045%, which is often associated with zirconium in nature.

metal level:

Density is less than 4500kg/m³such as titanium, aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, etc.

heavy years:

The density is more than 4500kg/m³such as copper, nickel, cobalt, lead, zinc, tin, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, mercury, etc.

precious metal:

The price is higher than that of base metals and the abundance in the earth's crust is low (also known as the Clarke value, a value that represents the average content of chemical elements in the earth's crust).

It is difficult to clean, like gold, silver and platinum group metals.

Almost metallic elements:

The properties vary between metals and non-metals such as silicon, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, boron, etc.

silicon

Silicon is a chemical element.

The chemical symbol is Si, formerly known as silicon.

The atomic number is 14, the relative atomic mass is 28.0855, and there are two allotropes of amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon.

It belongs to the third period of the periodic table and belongs to the metallic elements of the IVA group.

Silicon is also a very common element.

However, it is rarely found in nature in the form of simple substances, but is widely found in rocks, gravel, and dust in the form of complex silicate or silica.

Silicon ranks eighth in the universe.

In the crust, it is the second most abundant element, representing 26.4% of the total mass of the crust, after the first oxygen (49.4%).

Selenium

Selenium is a non-metallic element with the chemical symbol Se, found in the fourth periodic group VI a (element 34) of the periodic table of chemical elements.

It can be used as photosensitive material, catalyst for manganese electrolytic industry, essential nutritional element for animals and useful nutritional element for plants.

Selenium occurs naturally in two forms: inorganic selenium and vegetable selenium.

Inorganic selenium generally refers to sodium selenite and sodium selenite, which are derived from the byproducts of metal deposition;

The latter is formed by the combination of selenium and amino acids by biotransformation and usually occurs in the form of selenomethionine.

Tellurium

Tellurium is a quasimetal with the element symbol Te.

Tellurium is a silver-white orthorhombic crystal, soluble in sulfuric acid, nitric acid, aqua regia, potassium cyanide, and potassium hydroxide;

Insoluble in hot and cold water, carbon disulfide.

High purity tellurium is obtained by extracting and refining tellurium powder with sodium polysulfide, and the purity is 99.999%.

For semiconductor devices, alloys, chemical raw materials and foundry, rubber, glass and other industries as additives.

Arsenic

Arsenic, commonly known as arsenic and the element symbol as, is a non-metallic element.

It is in the fourth cycle and in the VA group of the periodic table of chemical elements with atomic number 33.

The elemental exists in the form of three allotropes of gray arsenic, black arsenic, and yellow arsenic.

Arsenic is widely distributed in nature and hundreds of arsenic minerals have been found.

Arsenic and its compounds are used in pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, and many alloys.

Its compound arsenic trioxide, known as arsenic, is a highly toxic substance.

bor

Boron is a chemical element and the element symbol is B.

The boron content in the earth's crust is 0.001%.

Boron is a black or silver-gray solid.

Boron glass is black, its hardness is second only to that of diamond, and its texture is brittle.

Boron also has an exceptionally high coordination number in its hydride due to its electron deficiency, making it the most complex of all elemental hydrides.

In the year Rare:

Including rare light metals such as lithium, rubidium, cesium, etc.;

Rare refractory metals:

Such as zirconium, molybdenum, tungsten, etc.;

Rare scattered metals:

Such as gallium, indium, germanium, thallium, etc.;

Rare earth metals:

Such as scandium, yttrium and lanthanide metals;

Radioactive metals:

As radium, francium, polonium, and uranium and thorium in actinides.

Radio

Radium, the element symbol Ra, is a highly radioactive element.

It is in cycle 7, group IIA and atomic number 88 on the periodic table of chemical elements.

Pure metallic radium is nearly colorless, but when exposed to air it reacts with nitrogen to form black radium nitride (Ra₃norte₂).

All radium isotopes are highly radioactive, the most stable being radium-226, with a half-life of about 1600 years, which decays to radon-222.

The decay of radium produces ionizing radiation that causes fluorescent substances to glow.

It is a new element discovered by Madame Curie.

The discovery of radium brought great contributions to science.

franco

Francium is a radioactive element.

Its chemical symbol is Frand and its atomic number is 87.

It is the α decay product of the radioactive element ac-227 and occurs naturally in very small amounts.

It's radioactive. FR-223 is a beta emitter with a half-life of about 21 minutes.

There are 21 known isotopes, but they are unstable radioactive elements with a very short half-life.

FR-223 has the longest shelf life.

The three long-lived isotopes behind it are fr-212, fr-222, and fr-221. The half-lives for him are 19.3 minutes, 14.8 minutes, and 4.8 minutes, respectively.

Polonium

Polonium, with the chemical symbol Po, atomic number 84, is one of the rarest elements known.

Its content in the earth's crust is around 1/100 trillion, obtained mainly by artificial synthesis.

Elemental is a silvery-white metal that glows in the dark.

It was discovered in 1898 by the famous scientist Madame Curie and her husband Pierre Curie.

To commemorate Madame Curie's homeland of Poland, they named this element polonium.

Polonium is one of the most toxic substances in the world.

Carrera

Uranium is an element with atomic number 92.

Its element symbol is U.

It is the heaviest element found in nature.

There are three isotopes in nature, all of which are radioactive and have very long half-lives (hundreds of thousands of years ~ 4.5 billion years).

Plutonium

Plutonium is a radioactive element with atomic number 94 and element symbol PU. It is an important raw material for the nuclear power industry and can be used as nuclear fuel and fissile material for nuclear weapons. The atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki used plutonium to make the nucleus. Plutonium was first synthesized in December 1940 at the US National Laboratory.

Frequently asked questions about types of metals

what is metal

Metal is a type of material with luster (ie strong reflection of visible light), ductility, easy conductivity, and heat conduction.

The vast majority of the metallic elements on Earth occur in nature in a combined state.

This is because the chemical properties of most metals are more active, and few metals like gold and silver exist in a free state.

What metals are magnetic?

Magnetic metals include iron, nickel, cobalt, steel, stainless steel, and rare earth metals.Some of these materials are always magnetic. Some materials, such as B. stainless steel, do not exhibit magnetism unless they contain a specific chemical composition.

Eisen

Iron is the strongest ferromagnetic metal. They give the earth magnetism and form an important part of the core.

Nickel

Nickel is also a common magnetic metal with ferromagnetic properties. Nickel has always been used to make coins.

Cobalt

Cobalt is a ferromagnetic metal. Over the last 100 years, cobalt has been widely used due to its excellent magnetic properties.

Cobalt can be used to make soft and hard magnets.

Stahl

Steel also exhibits ferromagnetism due to its iron content. In most cases, steel is attracted to magnets. Therefore, steel can also be used to make permanent magnets.

stainless steel

Some stainless steels are magnetic, others are not. Alloy steel is made into stainless steel by adding chromium to the alloy. The composition and molecular structure of ferritic and martensitic stainless steels result in their magnetism.

The different nickel content is the main cause of the magnetic differences.

rare earth metals

In addition to the magnetic elements mentioned above, some rare earth compounds also possess magnetic properties. Gadolinium, samarium, and neodymium are rare-earth magnetic metals.

By combining the above metals with iron, nickel, and cobalt, magnets with different properties can be produced.

What metals are not magnetic?

Few metals on the periodic table are magnetic, while most other common metals are non-magnetic, such as aluminum, gold, silver, copper, etc.

Aof light

The crystalline structure of aluminum is the same as that of lithium and magnesium, so it is not magnetic. All three materials are paramagnetic metals.

GRAMSalternative

Like most metals, gold is a diamagnetic metal. All diamagnetic metals, including gold, have a weak magnetic attraction to pure magnets.

Stalk

Silver is another non-magnetic metal. The diamagnetism of silver makes it nonmagnetic.

Chigher, higher

Copper itself is not magnetic, but it does interact with magnets in some way (eg Eddy currents).

Power plants use this property of copper to generate electricity.

What are heavy metals?

Heavy metals include mercury, lead, cadmium, gold, silver, copper, and iron.

Heavy metals refer to metals with a density greater than 4.5 g/cm³.

Heavy metals are very difficult to biodegrade.

On the contrary, they can accumulate hundreds of times under the biological reinforcement of the food chain and eventually enter the human body.

Some heavy metals enter the human body through food, affect the normal physiological function of the human body, and cause harm to human health. They are known as toxic heavy metals.

Regarding environmental pollution, heavy metals are mainly heavy elements with considerable biological toxicity, such as mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, and semimetallic arsenic.

Heavy metals can strongly interact with proteins and enzymes in the human body, rendering them inactive, and can also accumulate in some organs of the human body and cause chronic poisoning.

What is the most valuable metal in the world?

The most precious metal in the world is plutonium, which costs $113,400 an ounce..

Plutonium is a type of radioactive metal that is used to form fuel pellets for nuclear power plants and explosives for nuclear weapons.

Why is plutonium so expensive?

In nature, plutonium is found only in trace amounts in uranium ore. The largest source of plutonium comes from spent uranium in nuclear reactors.

Only about 20 tons of plutonium a year is produced as a by-product of the nuclear power industry.

Because this highly radioactive metal has no uses other than nuclear power or nuclear weapons (and some limited uses in scientific research, it is deadly to humans if not handled properly), it is heavily regulated, difficult to obtain, and it is extremely expensive.

metal discs

The metallic element with the highest content in the crust: aluminum (7.73%)

The highest metallic element in the human body: Calcium (1.5%)

Currently the metal with the highest annual production in the world: iron

The metal with the lowest density: hydrogen (in January 2016, British scientists produced metallic hydrogen for the first time at the University of Edinburgh, and hydrogen became the metal with the lowest density)

The metal with the highest density: osmium (22.48 × 10³㎏/m³)

Hardest Metal: Chromium (Mohs hardness is about 9)

Softest metal: cesium (Mohs hardness is about 0.5)

The most conductive metal: silver

The most conductive metal: silver

The most important metal for the production of new high-speed aircraft - titanium (called by scientists "the metal of the 21st century" or "the steel of the future")

The largest radioactive element in seawater - uranium (total reserves of uranium mines on land are about 2 million tons, and the total amount of uranium in the ocean is up to 4 million tons)

The element with the most isotopes: tin (there are 10 stable isotopes)

Less isotopic elements: Sodium (soil Na-23 is stable)

The most malleable metal: gold (the thinnest gold is only 1/10000 mm thick)

The metal with the best ductility - platinum (the diameter of the finest platinum wire is only 1/5000 mm)

Highest Melting Point Metal: Tungsten (Melting Point: 3410℃)

Metal with the lowest melting point: mercury (melting point: -38.8 ℃)

The element with the biggest difference in melting and boiling points is gallium (melting point 30℃, boiling point 2403℃)

The lowest grade metal in the crust is francium (even among the highest grade minerals, there are only 37 per ton × 10-13 g; the crustal grade is about 1 × 10-21%).

The metallic element most likely to generate electricity under light: cesium (when its surface is illuminated by light, electrons can gain energy to escape from the surface and generate photoelectric current)

The most metallic metal: cesium

The most expensive metal in the world: California ($10 million per gram, more than 500,000 times more expensive than gold)

The cheapest metal in the world: iron

The most suitable superconducting element: niobium (when cooled to -263.9 ℃, it becomes a superconductor with almost no resistance)

Metallic element that can absorb more gas: palladium (1 volume of colloidal palladium can absorb 1200 volumes of hydrogen)